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In general deleting files seems so simple, but when taking a closer look at the delorean copy use case, things get interesting: Creating and keeping many Delorean Copies in a Delorean Set is something which is fairly simple, and even when it comes to deleting a specific Delorean Copy from a Delorean Set it is easy. Simply press delete in Explorer, or use the --delete option from ln. But wait! It is that easy if a Delorean Copy contains no files with ReadOnly attributes. This is shown via the blue dotted lines.
This is shown via the grey dotted line. A fourth delorean copy with Source and Bkp3 as Backup to Bkp4 is created. Basically this is what the --delete option does. The following picture gives an overview of what DeLorean Copy is about In general a DeLorean Copy has 3 principals: Source t , InitialBackup and Backup n , where t represents time and n the number of backups. Phase 1: Initial SmartCopy. Mirror the folder Source to Backup1. This is shown by the green arrow: Keep unchanged files as hardllinks to InitialBackup.
This is shown by the green arrow: Keep unchanged files as hardllinks to Backup1. Item is already present in the target. Used during Smart Mirror. Used during Smart Copy. Item is already present in the target and is used as the source of a newly created hardlink. Remove an item from the target that is not present in the source. Item has been excluded by command line arguments.
Junction or Symbolic Link has been re-created but turned out to be dangling in the destination. Hardlinks have been merged. Hardlinks were not merged , because the hardlink reference count of was exceeded. Hardlinks were not merged , because the were already hardlinked. An error happened. The value in brackets is the system error code. A Symbolic link file or Symbolic Link Directory. A normal file is copied. A Symbolic link has been created. A Junction has been created.
A Directory has been created. Pushing this idea further you can now mount whole volumes onto arbitrary locations in your filesystem, even if the volume is not mounted to a drive letter at all: Format the disk in 'Disk Manager', but do not mount at all in 'Disk Manager' Use mountvol. With Windows7 and above finding out the siblings of a hardlink is very simple and needs no time-consuming operations ln --list filename In the above example the hardlink siblings for filename are printed out.
The merge function is needed if two trees shall be merged via hardlinks into one tree. Think of the following scenario: A set of delorean backups have been created on a disk, and the disk becomes full. A new set of delorean backups from the same source is created on another disk. The two sets shall be merged into one. So copy both sets via smartcopy to one disk and use the merge functionality The above example assumes two DeloreanSets. Smart Mirror is very similar to Smart Copy and not only copies but synchronises the folder Source to Destination : Smart Copy only different items from Source to Destination.
Delete items no longer in Source from Destination. This option is a modifier and shows the progress during operations like --mirror , --copy , --clone , --delorean ln --progress --output foo. The amount of output during various operations can be controlled via the --quiet switch: ln --quiet To specify the amount of output an optional argument can be passed to the --quiet switch: 0.
Completely suppress output. This is the if same as no argument would have been passed to --quiet. Show the changes, e. Furthermore show severe errors. Show all output available. This is same as --quiet has been ommitted. Something like a xcopy, but the files are hardlinked and not copied: e. Please note that symbolic links can only be successfully created from an administrative command prompt. To overcome this either the number of stored backups can be reduced by applying the Tower of Hanoi backup strategy, or by using the safe option The safe option can not lift NTFS limits, but for a little performance penalty it can check if the limit is exceeded and if neccessary introduce a copy in the chain of hardlinks, and then hardlink the files to this newly introduced copy: In the above example a setup is shown, which has already applied three iterations of delorean copy : Intitially there was a directory which contained the file B, and the hardlinks A to A There are two ways to achieve this: The way with a drive-letter ln.
Please also see the anchor option , which enables ln. Symbolic links for Windows XP. Installation of these drivers is also quite simple. Unpack the archive for your plattform, Start the driver via executing 'senable.
Symbolic links can be created on mapped network drives or UNC pathes, but such a symbolic link can't be resolved aka followed. The source directory given via command line parameters does not exist. This happens in recursive mode if the first command line argument is not there. The first command line argument in recursive mode specifies a directory, and it is not a directory, but some other kind of file. The second command line argument specifies a file, or in recursive mode a directory, which already exists.
The destination directory could not be created in recursive mode. The source file aka first command line parameter does not exist in normal mode. The filesystem is not NTFS and does not support the creation of hardlinks. For some unknown reason the creation of a hardlink failed. Less arguments were given via command line. Ln was not able to enumerate the files in a directory. This might happen in recursive or in hardlink enumeration mode if the file permissions for a directory are insufficient.
Too many hardlinks. The limit was exceeded. Not on same volume. Happens if you try to hardlink accross columes. Q : I only changed the attributes of a file, even the timestamp and content are the same, but --delorean copies the file instead of linking to the old backupsets and just changing the attributes in the current backup set.
Q : With ln. This worked well, the volume has been able to boot, but the junctions were lost. Q : On Windows Server I get messages about invalid reparse points. November 26, Version 2. WinPE Changed the behavior related to cirularties. No error message raised, but circularity are broken properly. Multisource aka --destination in combination with --mirror did not work. Symbolic Link creation required admin even in developer mode.
Directories can be specified as destination with normal file or symbolic linking. Introduced in 2. For now only private, but hope to change this soon. Division by zero with --progress in some situations. The --delete option has been modified to stop on outer reparse boundaries. The --follow option has been introduced to follow accross outer reparse boundaries during --delete. Basically everything compiled smoothly except for the heap, thus This was neccessary, but also a big performance gain.
Memory allocation is 2 times faster, and memory deletion is 10 times faster. Memory allocation is crucial for the core of ln. Added the --supportfs option. Deletion of delorean sets properly implemented. Added the --delete option. Improved error reporting during --merge , when files could not be merged. With --progress ln. The --merge option can now merge delorean backup sets.
Hardlinks were broken on copy when the source path was given via either VolumeGUID or Windows Namespace In --backup mode, when used with --anchor , dangling junctions were not copied properly.
Wrong drive letter shown with --list on subst'd drives. Minor updates to deloreancopy. Realtive symbolic links on absolute symbolic links to a different drive, were not created properly. The --progress option shows the progress on the console. With --progress the remaining time during --delorean was calculated wrong.
The combination of --anchor and --mirror was broken. The result was as if it was --copy. The --mirror option didn't copy ACLs. Added handling for unsupported reparse points. Added the safe option. The --mirror option didn't show the number of removed items in the summary. The output can be in Json now by issuing the --json option. Files with different compression state between source and target were flagged as erroneous during --mirror. Take 2: Files with different compression state between source and target were flagged as erroneous during --mirror.
SmartClone on an empty folder created empty file for destination folder. UNC path in some situations were chopped at the begining in the log-ouput. Certain Unicode command line arguments could drive the command line parser crazy. Hardlink Clone Mirror failed if files were already existing. Several options support taking its content from a referenced file. Added the --anchor. SymbolicLink Clone Mirror sometimes removed and created symlinks unneccessarily. Junctions on mapped network drives are handled properly during all operations.
Added the --noads option. Added the --noea option. Errors during copying ADS are marked with the t charachter. Errors during copying EA Records are marked with the e character. Fixed various issues under XP when symlinks were used. Resource and speed improvments in --backup mode. Listing of hardlink siblings with --traditional didn't show all siblings, when symbolic links were involved.
Added the QueryPath. Tackled with the some more symlink and Windows XP issues. Documented the --destination option. WindowsXP: Symbolic links across drives didn't work. WindowsXP: Symbolic links between very long path didn't work. WindowsXP: Lots of tweaks here and there. Tweaked DeloreanHanoi. Files with a size beeing a multiple of were copied properly, but generated an error message even if there was none. Added Hardlink Clone Mirror option: --recursive combined with --mirror now mirrors hardlink link clones.
Introduced the --keepsymlinkrelation switch. The --copy, --mirror and --delorean also copies sparse files and alternative sparse streams. Fixed a bug during copy, when a file was already there and the new file was smaller, it didn't copy over completely. Just --symbolic without argument caused a crash. The UNC Support has been improved and supports hardlink preservation for --copy, --delorean, --mirror. Introduced the --probefs option. The shadow copy.
Updated the documentation, and structured it based on alphabetical order of command line switches. Fixed a bug in --exclude , which prevented excluding files along a path. Fixed a bug in --include , which prevented including files along a path. Is able to delete very long path with the --deeppathdelete option. Symbolic Link Clones always created absolute symlinks regardless of the command line args.
Very Nasty, but no dataloss caused. Introduced a sanity check for broken NTFS implementations. Introduced On the Fly DupeMerge. During --mirror files in the destination with ReadOnly Attribute on were not mirrored. Fixed a problem with --mirror when a directory changed into a file or vice versa from one mirror to the next and had exactly the same name.
Directory matches with --excludedir did not work properly with every expression. Added the --skipfiles option. Sorted the options in the doku alphabetically.
Added kind of 'clonemirror' option: --symbolic combined with --mirror now mirrors symbolic link clones. Extended the DeloreanCopy. Thx to MathiasB for providing it. Added the DeloreanHanoi. During SmartCopy, DeloreanCopy and SmartClone dangling junctions or symlinks will be at least in the same way dangling restored.
SmartRename was introduced. Fixed a problem in SmartMove which created dangling symbolic links, when using relative symbolic links in certain situations.
Create DeloreanCopy. Support for symbolic links under WXP. Can handle subst. Added a --truesize option. More detailed reporting when the restore of a dangling junction under windows XP fails.
Create Symbolic Link sometimes did not create absolute links when needed in certain situations. The log level can be specified more granularly. Not very smart design by windows engineer. Back to the winsxs folder. You now know why when you do drivers updates and windows updates, winsxs folder size keep growing and growing. Before starting on clearing up winsxs space. You can first run a Post Windows 7 SP1 cleanup. For those who have already applied Windows 7 SP1.
This will clean up virtual space of around 5GB. In actuality, around MB are saved. Looks at screenies below. Now that you know the usage size reported on winsxs is not the correct exact storage used, do we still need to find a way to reduce the size? How do we find out exactly how much space is actually used by winsxs?
My answer is yes and no. Despite Windows over reporting the size of winsxs, it still in some way take up unnecessary space. However, when it comes to SSD, this is a different story. SSDs are still very expensive. So I would recommend trying to reduce unnecessary storage taken up to files that we hardly ever touch.
After some googling, the only tool that I found to be able to help clear up winsxs is winsxslite created by Christian Bering Boegh. I have to say this tool is amazingly complex. It take a lot of time when running it just to come up with the list of actual physical space taken up by winsxs.
I tried it on a Windows 7 SP1 laptop and it took me around 5 hours to finish Stage 1 of this tool. I googled for the winsxs folder and found that it's important and may not be deleted. I googled for the Installer folder and found that it's mostly Office-related and that it might be reduced a bit by deleting Office updates. But that's not satisfying. Apart from compressing the Backup folder in winsxs in its properties ; you can't make the winsxs much smaller, unless you very carefully inspect all the entries as well as whether these are dependencies for applications on your system.
But that's a very tedious thing to do, so the best thing you can do about it is installing as much applications and Windows features in the hope for it to turn smaller. Or well, reinstall your system. Please note that this is normal behavior , also listed in the system specifications. Likewise, the Installer folder contains all your. These are kept such that you can still repair or uninstall applications.
You can safely compress this folder to gain some space, but don't remove it unless you are sure you never need to repair or uninstall all installed programs. This however might prevent you from being able to roll them back. You are supposed to use the Disk Cleanup wizard with Administrator privileges to do this, rather than doing it manually Leave it be.
These are the installer files that are used if you go to "Add and Remove Software" and "Uninstall" or "Repair" software. Run Disk Cleanup. Start Explorer, right-click on the C: drive, select Properties find and then click the Disk Cleanup button in the Properties window.
Wait until the Disk Cleanup Window appears. Click "Clean up system files". Confirm and wait until the Disk Cleanup Window appears again. Click "OK". This will give you a list of commands to automatically clean up WinSxS in a safe way, and the implications of each command are spelled out. First, you should have been running with this set of updates for at least a couple days, better a few weeks, so you know you do not want to roll back any of the updates.
You can read more about dism at technet. It's a tool to remove drivers that you don't need - after a few years there are usually a lot of them.
Make sure to read up on what it does before you wrec your system. If you're not sure what it does, don't use it. Try WinsxsLite, read about it here , do a full system backup before you run it. Sign up to join this community.
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